1. Create Custom COA Accounts ─── parent database
    (Goodwill, NCI, Investment in Sub, Revaluation Reserve,
     IC Receivable/Payable, Investment in Associates, etc.)
           │
           ▼
 2. Create Group Consolidation Config ─── parent database
    (Entities, dates, layout, associate account fields)
           │
           ▼
 3. Set up Account Mapping ─── one batch per subsidiary
    (Map local accounts → group accounts, set RateType)
           │
           ▼
 4. Enter Acquisition Data ─── one per subsidiary
    (Purchase consideration, FV adjustments, GW/NCI accounts)
           │
           ▼
 5. Post Consolidation Journal Entries ─── parent database
    (Intercompany eliminations, FV offset, CTR, impairment)
           │
           ▼
 6. Run Consolidated Reports ─── from Config list
    ├── Balance Sheet (click "BS")
    ├── Profit & Loss (click "P&L")
    ├── Cash Flow Statement (click "CF")
    └── Notes (click "Notes")

Prerequisites: - All entity databases must be accessible and contain valid GL data - The parent company must be listed as an entity (100% ownership) - All intercompany transactions posted normally in each entity's own database (daily operations) - Exchange rates set up in parent's Settings > Currencies if any entity uses a foreign currency

COA Setup — Required Custom Accounts with CFS Categories

Before creating the config, ensure these accounts exist in the parent's chart of accounts. The CashFlowStatement field affects where the account appears in the consolidated CFS.

Accounts with Default retain the system's default OperatingActivities — they are consolidation-generated (entity change = 0) and route to the CFS non-cash section regardless.

1. Group Consolidation Config

Navigation: Settings > Group Consolidation > Configs > New Config

The config defines the consolidation scope: which entities to consolidate, reporting dates, layout, and display options. This is the starting point for all consolidated reports.

Fields

Title

• Purpose: Report heading displayed at the top of consolidated reports
• If set: Appears as the report title (e.g., "ParentCo Group Consolidated 2026")
• If blank: No title shown in the report
• Example: "ParentCo Group 2026"

Description

• Purpose: Internal notes for the user
• If set: Visible only in the config form — never shown in reports
• If blank: No description saved

ReportDate

• Purpose: The date of the consolidated financial statements
• How it works: All entity transactions up to this date are included. Used as the closing date for exchange rates and fair value adjustment depreciation calculation.
• Effect: Determines which GL transactions are included (filter: Date <= ReportDate). Also determines the exchange rate used for currency translation.
• If blank: Report date is 1/1/0001 — no transactions included, all balances zero
• Example: 1/1/2026

ExchangeRateDate

• Purpose: The date for current/closing exchange rates (per IAS 21)
• How it works: The system looks up foreign exchange rates effective on this date
• If blank: Defaults to 1/1/0001 — rate lookup fails, rates default to 1.0 (no translation effectively, but also no error). If you have foreign currency subsidiaries, always set this.
• Best practice: Usually the same as ReportDate
• Example: 1/1/2026

ShareOfProfitOfAssociatesAccount

• Purpose: The P&L account in the parent's COA that records the parent's share of profit from associates (EquityMethod)
• How it works: The engine extracts this account's balance from the parent's standalone P&L and displays it as a supplementary "Share of profit of associates" row in the consolidated P&L (IAS 1 §82(e))
• If blank: No associate profit share row appears in the P&L
• Example: "Share of Profit of AssociateB Ltd"

InvestmentInAssociatesAccount

• Purpose: The BS account in the parent's COA that holds the carrying amount of investments in associates (EquityMethod)
• How it works: The engine extracts this account's balance from the parent's standalone BS and displays it as a supplementary "Investment in associates" row in the consolidated BS (IAS 1 §54(e)). A movement schedule appears in the Notes view (IFRS 12 §10(b)).
• If blank: No investment in associates row appears in the BS or Notes
• Example: "Investment in AssociateB Ltd"

PeriodStartDate

• Purpose: The start date of the profit and loss period and cash flow statement period
• How it works:
• P&L subtitle: "For the period from PeriodStartDate to ReportDate"
• CFS subtitle: "For the period from PeriodStartDate to ReportDate"
• CFS opening balances: The engine runs twice — once at PeriodStartDate, once at ReportDate — to compute period changes
• FV depreciation split: Depreciation is split into current period (P&L) and prior periods (RE)
• Average rate calculation: Opening rate = rate at PeriodStartDate, closing rate = rate at ExchangeRateDate
• If blank: Falls back to ReportDate — subtitles show the same date for start and end, CFS shows period change of zero
• Example: For a two-year period, set to 1/1/2024 when ReportDate is 1/1/2026

AccountingMethod

• Purpose: Accrual or Cash basis for the consolidated reports
• Options:
• AccrualBasis (default): Transactions recorded when incurred (GAAP/IFRS)
• CashBasis: Converts invoices to cash basis
• If blank: Defaults to AccrualBasis
• Note: Only relevant if the parent has sales/purchase invoices

Rounding

• Purpose: Round all amounts to whole numbers in the report display
• Options:
• Off (default): Shows decimals
• On: Rounds all displayed amounts to whole numbers
• Note: Only affects presentation — internal calculations remain precise

Layout

• Purpose: Balance sheet layout format
• Options:
• AssetsLiabilitiesEqualsEquity: Net Assets = Equity (Net Assets section, Equity section)
• AssetsEqualsLiabilitiesEquity (default): Assets = Liabilities + Equity (top: Assets, bottom: Liabilities + Equity)
• AssetsEqualsEquityLiabilities: Assets = Equity + Liabilities (top: Assets, bottom: Equity + Liabilities)

AccountCodes

• Purpose: Show account codes alongside account names
• Checked: Account names prefixed with codes (e.g., "1010 Cash at Bank")
• Unchecked: Shows names only

ExcludeZeroBalances

• Purpose: Hide accounts with zero consolidated balance
• Checked: Accounts with zero balance are hidden in the report
• Unchecked: All accounts from the COA are shown, including zeros

GroupsToCollapse

• Purpose: Select BS abstract groups to show as collapsed summary rows
• If set: Selected groups (e.g., "Current Assets", "Non-Current Liabilities") appear collapsed — click to expand
• If blank: All groups are expanded

Footer

• Purpose: Optional text shown at the bottom of each report
• If blank: No footer shown

Entities (Line Items) — One per company in the group

Consolidation Methods

FullConsolidation (IFRS 10)

• 100% of the subsidiary's assets and liabilities are included line-by-line
• Non-controlling interest (NCI) is recognized for minority share
• Investment elimination in Step 4 cancels subsidiary's equity against parent's investment
• Use for: Subsidiaries where parent has control (>50% ownership per IFRS 10)

EquityMethod (IAS 28)

• The entity is NOT consolidated line-by-line
• Entity gets empty balance dictionaries (column placeholder)
• Step 4 skips this entity — no investment elimination
• The investment is recognized at cost + share of post-acquisition profits in the parent's standalone books
• Use for: Associates where parent has significant influence (20-50%)

ProportionateConsolidation (IAS 31)

• Entity balances are scaled by ownership percentage after translation
• Step 4 skips this entity — no investment elimination
• Use for: Joint ventures under old IAS 31

Sample Config

Title: "ParentCo Group 2026" ReportDate: 1/1/2026 ExchangeRateDate: 1/1/2026 PeriodStartDate: 1/1/2024 Layout: AssetsEqualsLiabilitiesEquity

Accounting Regulation Reference

2. Account Mapping

Navigation: Settings > Group Consolidation > Account Mapping > New Mapping

Maps each subsidiary's local accounts to the parent company's chart of accounts for consolidation. Each mapping line links one subsidiary account (Local) to one parent/group account (Group) and sets the exchange rate type.

Fields

EntityFileId

• Purpose: Identifies which subsidiary this mapping batch belongs to
• If set: Must match the FileId used in the config's Entities list
• If blank: The mapping batch is not loaded by the engine — no mappings applied
• Must match: The FileId in Acquisition Data and Configs for the same entity

Mapping Lines

LocalAccountKey (Subsidiary's Account)

• Purpose: Select an account from the subsidiary's chart of accounts
• Autocomplete scoping: Searches the SUBSIDIARY's database (indicated by "Local" subtext)
• If blank: That individual mapping line is skipped
• If the account is deleted: The mapping line still exists but shows as "deleted" in the list view — engine skips the line
• If the account is inactive: The mapping still works — label shows "inactive" in the list view

GroupAccountKey (Parent's Account)

• Purpose: Select the corresponding account from the parent's chart of accounts
• Autocomplete scoping: Searches the PARENT's database (indicated by "Group" subtext)
• If blank: That individual mapping line is skipped
• Same inactive/deleted behavior: As LocalAccountKey

RateType

• Purpose: Controls how the subsidiary's balance is translated when currency conversion is active
• Options:
• CurrentRate (default): Uses the closing rate at the report date. Apply to most assets, liabilities, and P&L accounts per IAS 21 section 23(a).
• HistoricalRate: Uses the rate at the acquisition date. Apply to Share Capital and Retained Earnings per IAS 21 section 23(b).
• AverageRate: Uses the average rate for the period. Apply to P&L items if average rate approximates actual rates.
• If blank: Defaults to CurrentRate

Important Notes

• Share Capital and Retained Earnings must use HistoricalRate — this is required by IAS 21 section 23(b). If you do not map these accounts, they default to CurrentRate and the equity translation will be incorrect.
• System singleton accounts (Cash, AR, FA, AP, SC, RE) have the same GUID across all databases — mapping is optional for the GUID match but required for setting RateType.
• User-created accounts (Investment in Sub A, Goodwill, Revenue, OpEx) have different GUIDs per database — mapping is required.
• Accounts that exist in the subsidiary but not in the parent will have no matching BS line in the consolidated report.
• Accounts that exist in the parent but not in the subsidiary will show only the parent's balance in the consolidated report.

Sample Mapping: ParentCo USD + SubsidiaryA EUR

EntityFileId: (SubsidiaryA's FileId)

Sample Mapping: Without Currency (Same Currency)

EntityFileId: (Subsidiary's FileId — same currency as parent)

Note: When both entities use the same currency, RateType has no practical effect (rate = 1.0 for all types). Setting it correctly is still good practice for consistency.

Accounting Regulation Reference

3. Acquisition Data

Navigation: Settings > Group Consolidation > Acquisition Data

Records the acquisition details for each subsidiary: purchase consideration, fair value adjustments, goodwill/NCI accounts, and investment elimination configuration.

Fields

EntityFileId

• Purpose: Links this acquisition entry to a specific entity in the config
• If set: Must match the FileId of a FullConsolidation entity in a config
• If blank: The acquisition entry is not loaded by the engine
• Must match: The FileId in Configs and Account Mapping for the same entity

AcquisitionDate

• Purpose: The date the subsidiary was acquired
• How it works:
• Determines the historical exchange rate for equity accounts (IAS 21 section 23(b))
• Used as the start date for FV adjustment depreciation calculation (if AdjustmentDate is not set)
• If blank: HistoricalRate lookup falls back to 1.0. FV depreciation uses ReportDate as start (no depreciation)
• Example: 1/1/2024

PurchaseConsideration

• Purpose: The amount paid by the parent to acquire the subsidiary
• How it works: Used in Step 4 to cancel the parent's investment in the subsidiary
• If set: Must match the balance in the parent's Investment account
• If zero or blank: No investment elimination is generated for this entity

InvestmentAccount

• Purpose: The parent's balance sheet account holding the investment in this subsidiary
• How it works: In Step 4, this account is credited (reduced) by the PurchaseConsideration amount
• If blank: Investment elimination is skipped (cannot determine which account to credit)
• Example: "Investment in Sub A"

GoodwillAccount

• Purpose: The parent's balance sheet account for goodwill recognition
• How it works: If the purchase consideration + NCI exceeds the subsidiary's equity at acquisition, the excess is posted as a debit to this account (goodwill per IFRS 3 section 32)
• If blank: Goodwill is still calculated but not posted to any account — reported in TotalGoodwill scalar only

NCIAccount

• Purpose: The parent's balance sheet account for non-controlling interest
• How it works: NCI = (1 - ownership%) x subsidiary's equity at acquisition. Posted as a credit to this account
• If blank: NCI is still calculated (TotalNCI scalar) but not posted to any account

Fair Value Adjustments (Line Items)

Each FV adjustment represents an asset whose book value differs from fair value at acquisition.

How FV Adjustment Works

1. Net FV adjustment = (FairValue - BookValue) - Accumulated Depreciation
2. Accumulated Depreciation = (FV - BV) / UsefulLifeYears x YearsElapsed
3. If PeriodStartDate is set: Depreciation is split into: - Current period (PeriodStartDate to ReportDate) → P&L (DepreciationExpenseAccount) - Prior periods (AcquisitionDate to PeriodStartDate) → RE (prior period adjustment, posted to parent's RE)
4. The net adjustment (FairValue - BookValue - AccumDep) is posted as a DEBIT to the asset account
5. The user must post a balancing CREDIT CJE (typically to Revaluation Reserve) — see Section 4

Example: FV adjustment on Fixed Assets - BookValue: 80,000, FairValue: 110,000 (adj = 30,000), UsefulLife: 10 years - Acquisition: 1/1/2024, Report: 1/1/2026 (2 years elapsed) - Accumulated depreciation: 30,000 x 2/10 = 6,004.11 - Net adjustment posted to account: 30,000 - 6,004.11 = 23,995.89 (Dr) - Current period FV dep (1/1/2024 to 1/1/2026): goes to P&L - Prior period FV dep: goes to RE

Sample Acquisition Data

EntityFileId: (SubsidiaryA's FileId) AcquisitionDate: 1/1/2024 PurchaseConsideration: 200,000.00 InvestmentAccount: "Investment in Sub A" GoodwillAccount: "Goodwill" NCIAccount: "Non-Controlling Interest"

FV Adjustments:

Without FV Adjustments (Simple Acquisition)

EntityFileId: (SubsidiaryB's FileId) AcquisitionDate: 1/1/2025 PurchaseConsideration: 50,000.00 InvestmentAccount: "Investment in Sub B" GoodwillAccount: "Goodwill" NCIAccount: "Non-Controlling Interest" FV Adjustments: (none — leave empty)

Required Custom COA Accounts

These accounts must be created in the parent company's chart of accounts before setting up Acquisition Data. The CashFlowStatement field matters for accounts with real entity-level balance changes. Consolidation-generated accounts (entity-level change = 0) route to the CFS non-cash section regardless of this field — the default OperatingActivities is fine for those.

Example: If you create Investment in Sub A without setting its CFS field, it defaults to OperatingActivities. The 200,000 investment outflow appears in CFS Operating → Working Capital. Set it to InvestingActivities to show it correctly under Investing Activities.

Accounting Regulation Reference

4. Consolidation Adjustments (CJEs)

Navigation: Settings > Group Consolidation > Consolidation Adjustments

Manual consolidation journal entries (CJEs) that apply to the consolidated financial statements only. CJEs do NOT affect any individual entity's standalone GL.

Header Fields

Date

• Purpose: The date of the consolidation adjustment
• If set: Displayed in the CJE list — not used by the engine for filtering
• If blank: Defaults to 1/1/0001
• Example: 1/1/2026

Description

• Purpose: Free-text description
• If set: Helps identify the CJE's purpose in reports and list views
• If blank: CJE still applies — harder to identify

Posted

• Purpose: Controls whether the CJE is applied by the engine
• Checked (true): CJE is included in the consolidation run
• Unchecked (false): CJE is completely ignored
• If blank: Defaults to false (not posted)

GroupConsolidationKey

• Purpose: Scope this CJE to a specific consolidation config
• If set: CJE applies only to that config/report
• If blank: CJE applies to ALL configs
• Use case: When you have multiple configs with different subsidiaries, each config gets only its scoped CJEs plus the blank (global) ones

Line Fields

Account

• Purpose: The parent company's account where this adjustment is posted
• Autocomplete scope: Searches the PARENT company's chart of accounts (always "Group" subtext)
• If blank: The entire line is skipped by the engine
• If the account is inactive: The CJE line still posts to the consolidated report. Inactive accounts with zero balance are hidden when ExcludeZeroBalances is checked in the config.

Amount

• Purpose: The monetary amount of the adjustment (in parent's base currency)
• Always enter a positive number. The Dr/Cr direction determines the sign.
• If zero: The line has no effect (0 posted). Other non-zero lines in the same CJE still apply.

DebitOrCredit

• Purpose: Determines the direction of the adjustment
• Dr (Debit): Converted to +Amount
• Cr (Credit): Converted to -Amount
• If left blank: Defaults to Debit (Dr). This may not be your intent — always set explicitly.

Type

• Purpose: Classifies the adjustment for audit tracking — purely a label
• Options:
• Manual: General adjustment
• IntercompanyElimination: IC balance elimination
• InvestmentElimination: Investment elimination (marks entity as eliminated, skips Step 4)
• Goodwill: Goodwill adjustment or impairment (IAS 36)
• NCI: NCI adjustment
• FairValueAdjustment: FV adjustment (unrealized profit, revaluation reserve)
• CurrencyTranslation: CTR to CTA account posting
• Engine behavior: Only InvestmentElimination is checked (to skip Step 4 for that entity). All other types are treated identically.
• If blank: Defaults to Manual

EntityFileId

• Purpose: Scopes this line to a specific entity
• If set: The line is posted only when that entity is processed — prevents over-adjustment for accounts shared by multiple entities
• If blank: The line is global — posted once regardless of number of entities
• Note: Unlike GroupConsolidationKey (which scopes the entire CJE to a config), EntityFileId scopes individual LINES to entities

BS and P&L Routing

BS and P&L are independent dictionaries. How a CJE line is routed:

• Balance Sheet accounts → Posted to the consolidated BS elimination column only
• Profit and Loss accounts → Posted to the consolidated P&L elimination column only
• Mixed CJE: Both BS and P&L accounts can be in the same CJE — each line is routed independently

Key rule: A P&L-only CJE line does NOT affect the BS. There is no need to add a balancing Retained Earnings line — doing so creates a BS imbalance.

Example 1 — BS only (FV adjustment offset):

CJE: Cr Revaluation Reserve 23,995.89

Impact on reports (vs no CJE): - P&L Revenue: Unchanged (no P&L line in this CJE) - P&L Net profit: Elimination +6,004.11 (FV depreciation from engine only) - BS Revaluation Reserve: Elimination (23,995.89) — offsets engine Dr Fixed Assets - BS Retained Earnings: Unchanged - BS Total Assets: Unchanged - BS Total Equity: Unchanged - BS Balance: Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Example 2 — BS + P&L (FV offset + revenue adjustment):

CJE Line 1: Cr Revaluation Reserve 23,995.89 CJE Line 2: Dr Sales Revenue 5,000.00 (scoped to SubsidiaryA GmbH)

Impact on reports (vs no CJE): - P&L Revenue: Revenue decreased by 5,000 in elim column - P&L Net profit: Elimination +11,004.11 (= 5,000 revenue + 6,004.11 FV depreciation) - BS Revaluation Reserve: Elimination (23,995.89) - BS Retained Earnings: Unchanged - BS Total Assets: Unchanged - BS Total Equity: Unchanged - BS Balance: Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Common CJE Use Cases

1. FV adjustment revaluation reserve offset

For every engine-generated FV adjustment (Dr Fixed Asset), the user must post a balancing Cr to equity:

Line 1: Cr Revaluation Reserve 23,995.89 (Type: FairValueAdjustment)

2. CTR to CTA account

Line 1: Cr Currency Translation Reserve 7,812.82 (Type: CurrencyTranslation)

3. IC elimination (if auto IC does not apply)

Line 1: Dr IC Receivable 10,000 — Cr IC Payable 10,000 (Type: IntercompanyElimination)

4. Goodwill impairment (IAS 36)

Line 1: Dr Goodwill Impairment 5,000 — Cr Goodwill 5,000 (Type: Goodwill)

5. Deferred tax on FV adjustment (manual, IAS 12)

The user calculates deferred tax externally (tax rate x temporary difference): Line 1: Dr Revaluation Reserve 5,998.97 — Cr Deferred Tax Liability 5,998.97 (Amount = 23,995.89 x 25% = 5,998.97)

Type: Manual or FairValueAdjustment. No dedicated DeferredTax type exists. The engine does not auto-calculate deferred tax.

Sample CJE — With Currency Translation

Description: "FV offset and CTR to CTA" Posted: true GroupConsolidationKey: (linked to specific config)

Line 1: Dr Revaluation Reserve 23,995.89 (Type: FairValueAdjustment) Line 2: Cr Currency Translation Reserve 7,812.82 (Type: CurrencyTranslation)

Sample CJE — Without Currency (Same Currency Group)

Description: "FV adjustment offset — same currency" Posted: true GroupConsolidationKey: (linked to config)

Line 1: Cr Revaluation Reserve 23,995.89 (Type: FairValueAdjustment)

(When both entities use the same currency, no CTR/CTA entries are needed.)

Required Custom COA Accounts for CJEs

These accounts are used in CJE entries and must exist in the parent's COA. The CashFlowStatement field on IC accounts matters — leave as default OperatingActivities so entity-level changes appear in working capital and eliminate to non-cash correctly. For consolidation-generated accounts (Revaluation Reserve, CTR, DTL), the field value does not affect CFS placement — they always route to the non-cash section.

5. IC Reconciliation

Navigation: Settings > Group Consolidation > IC Reconciliation

This is a read-only report that displays intercompany balances between entities in the consolidation group. It shows:

How it works: The report runs the consolidation engine and identifies accounts where two entities have opposite-sign balances — these are potential intercompany balances. The difference column helps you identify mismatches that need to be eliminated via CJE.

No input fields — this is a report only. It automatically processes the first config found in the database.

Usage

1. Open IC Reconciliation from Settings > Group Consolidation
2. Review the reported IC balances
3. If Entity A shows Dr 50,000 and Entity B shows Cr 48,000 with a 2,000 difference, investigate and post a CJE for the difference
4. Post adjusting CJEs under Consolidation Adjustments as needed

6. Consolidated Reports

6.1 Consolidated Balance Sheet

Navigation: From the config list, click "BS" on any config row

Columns: - Entity columns (one per company) - Consolidated Total - Intercompany Eliminations

Layout options (set in the config): - Assets = Liabilities + Equity (default) - Net Assets = Equity - Assets = Equity + Liabilities

Supplementary rows (always appear at the bottom): - Goodwill: Total goodwill recognized - Non-Controlling Interest: NCI at acquisition date (not closing balance — see Notes for full reconciliation) - Currency Translation Reserve: Cumulative translation differences

Fields used: - AccountCodes: Prefix account names with codes - ExcludeZeroBalances: Hide zero-balance accounts - GroupsToCollapse: Collapse selected group rows

Output interpretation: | Column | Source | What it shows | |--------|--------|---------------| | Entity columns | EntityBalances | Each entity's standalone GL balance (mapped to parent COA) | | Elimination column | EliminationBalances | Consolidation adjustments (engine-generated + user CJEs) | | Consolidated Total | ConsolidatedBalances | Sum of entity balances + eliminations |

If a BS account appears only in the parent's COA: Entity columns show zero, elimination column shows the adjustment, consolidated total shows the net. This is correct per IFRS 10 — consolidation adjustments are at the group level, not in entity columns.

BS balance check: Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Equity. If the BS is out of balance, check: 1. CJEs are balanced (total Dr = total Cr per CJE). Unbalanced CJEs with RE lines create BS gaps. 2. P&L-only CJEs are correctly routed — they do not need RE counterparts.

6.2 Consolidated Profit and Loss Statement

Navigation: From the config list, click "P&L"

Columns: Same as BS (entity columns, consolidated total, eliminations)

Subtitle: "For the period from PeriodStartDate to ReportDate" (falls back to ReportDate if PeriodStartDate is blank)

NCI profit share row: Deducted from net profit at the bottom. Shows the minority's share of subsidiary profits.

Sign convention: The P&L uses standard income statement presentation (revenue positive, expenses as deductions, net profit at bottom).

Output interpretation: | Column | Source | What it shows | |--------|--------|---------------| | Entity columns | EntityPLBalances | Each entity's standalone P&L balance | | Elimination column | EliminationPLBalances | P&L adjustments (engine FV dep + user P&L CJEs) | | Net profit elimination | Computed | Entity sum minus consolidated total |

If a P&L CJE does not affect BS: This is correct — P&L adjustments route to EliminationPLBalances only. They do NOT flow to BS Retained Earnings automatically.

6.3 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

Navigation: From the config list, click "CF"

Method: Indirect (IAS 7 section 18-20)

Structure: 1. Operating Activities (net profit + non-cash adjustments + working capital changes) 2. Investing Activities 3. Financing Activities 4. Effect of Foreign Exchange Rate Changes 5. Non-cash investing and financing activities (IAS 7 section 43) 6. Cash reconciliation (opening, closing, net change)

Key sign convention: All changes are negated — Dr increase = cash outflow (negative), Cr increase = cash inflow (positive).

Depreciation add-back: Combines entity-level accumulated depreciation change + FV depreciation from elimination P&L balances.

Non-cash section: Includes consolidation-generated items where entity change = 0 but elimination change is not 0 (Goodwill, NCI, FV adjustments, Revaluation Reserve, CTR).

Catch-all articulation row: "Other consolidation adjustments" — captures entity-level equity changes (RE, SC, investment). Recursively summed across all operating groups.

Field used: PeriodStartDate — the engine runs twice (opening at PeriodStartDate, closing at ReportDate) to compute period changes.

Without currency: No FX effect row, no CTR in non-cash section.

Sample CFS output (with currency):

Net profit (loss)                     150,000   38,549  177,544
Depreciation and amortisation         220,000   19,048  250,052   11,004
Accounts receivable                   (50,000) (28,571) (78,571)     -
Investment in Sub A                  (200,000)      -  (200,000) 200,000
Fixed assets, at cost                (200,000) (95,238) (295,238) (23,996)
FX effect                                  -        -     7,813      -

Net profit (loss)                     150,000   38,549  188,549
Depreciation and amortisation         220,000   19,048  239,048      -
Accounts receivable                   (50,000) (28,571) (78,571)     -
Fixed assets, at cost                (200,000) (95,238) (295,238)     -

Sales Revenue          650,000  209,524  859,524       -
Depreciation Expense   120,000        -  120,000       -
Fixed Assets - Dep          -    6,004    6,004    (6,004)
Operating Expense      380,000  170,975  550,975       -
Net profit (loss)      150,000   38,549  182,544     6,004
NCI share of profit                              (9,637)

Total Assets           760,000  181,406  842,350   (99,056)
Accounts Payable       (80,000)  (9,524)  (89,524)       -
Capital Accounts      (300,000) (90,909) (300,000)   90,909
CTR                         -        -    (7,813)   (7,813)
NCI                         -        -   (41,017)  (41,017)
Retained Earnings     (380,000) (73,160) (380,000)   73,160
Revaluation Reserve        -        -   (23,996)   (23,996)
Total Equity          (680,000)(164,069) (752,826)   91,243
Total Liab + Equity   (760,000)(173,593) (842,350)   91,243

Net profit (loss)      150,000   38,549  182,544
Depreciation add-back  220,000   19,048  245,052   11,004
Accounts receivable    (50,000) (30,000) (78,571)       -
Accounts payable        80,000   10,000   89,524        -
Investment in Sub A   (200,000)      -  (200,000) 200,000
Fixed assets, cost    (200,000)(100,000)(295,238) (23,996)
FX effect                   -        -    7,813        -
Non-cash section:
  Goodwill                  -        -   76,948    76,948
  NCI                       -        -  (41,017)  (41,017)
  Reval Reserve             -        -  (23,996)  (23,996)
  CTR                       -        -   (7,813)   (7,813)

Goodwill:       76,948
NCI: Opening   41,017  |  Share  9,637  |  Closing 31,380
CTR:            7,813

Sales Revenue          650,000  220,000  870,000       -
Depreciation Expense   120,000        -  120,000       -
Fixed Assets - Dep          -    6,004    6,004    (6,004)
Operating Expense      380,000  179,524  559,524       -
Net profit (loss)      150,000   38,549  188,549     6,004
NCI share of profit                               (9,637)
Share of profit of associates 5,000       -    5,000       ← 

Total Assets           760,000   95,238  855,238   (99,056)
Accounts Payable       (80,000)  (9,524)  (89,524)       -
Capital Accounts      (300,000) (90,909) (300,000)   90,909
NCI                         -        -   (41,017)  (41,017)
Retained Earnings     (380,000) (73,160) (380,000)   73,160
Revaluation Reserve        -        -   (23,996)  (23,996)
Total Equity          (680,000)(164,069) (752,826)   91,243
Total Liab + Equity   (760,000)(173,593) (842,350)   91,243
  Investment in associates    -        -   50,000        -   ← supplementary row

Goodwill:       76,948
NCI: Opening   41,017  |  Share  9,637  |  Closing 31,380
Investment in Associates:
  Carrying amount                                       50,000
  Share of profit for the period                         5,000